This is a working overview of regulatory status, written for readers who want more than a one-paragraph summary but less than a textbook.
Reviewed 2026-04-28. Anything still debated is marked as such rather than presented as settled.
Detection and characterization of AOD-9604 in research and anti-doping settings typically rely on mass spectrometry coupled with liquid chromatography. These methods can identify the peptide by its mass and fragmentation pattern. Immunoassays may also be used in some screening contexts, but they can cross-react with related peptides. Because the molecule is small and may be present at low concentrations, sample preparation and method validation are important. Confirmatory analysis usually requires comparison with a certified reference standard.
In laboratory settings, AOD-9604 is commonly supplied as a lyophilized powder and stored cold to limit degradation. Reconstituted solutions are typically kept refrigerated or frozen, depending on the buffer and concentration, and protected from repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Stability can be influenced by pH, temperature, and the presence of proteases. Purity is usually assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. These practices support reproducibility, but they do not imply safety or efficacy for any human use.
Research interest in AOD-9604 often focuses on whether it can influence lipid metabolism without the growth-promoting or glucose-related effects of full-length hGH. This question remains unresolved, and findings depend on model, dose, and measurement method. Some reviews treat the peptide as a historical obesity candidate rather than an active therapeutic. Others cite it in discussions of peptide fragments, metabolic signaling, and performance-enhancing substances. Clear conclusions are limited by the small number of rigorous, independent human studies.
AOD-9604 has been investigated primarily as a potential treatment for obesity and related metabolic conditions. Early laboratory work examined its effects on fat cells, and later studies moved into animal models and human clinical trials. Some trials reportedly reached Phase II, but the program did not lead to an approved medicine. Published summaries often note that weight-loss results were modest or inconsistent. The full trial data are not all publicly available in detail.
| Property | Value | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Regulatory status | Not approved as a medicine | Status varies by country; prohibited in sport. |
| Common storage temperature | 2–8 °C for lyophilized powder | Protect from light and moisture; follow supplier instructions. |
| Typical analytical method | LC-MS/MS | Used for identification and quantification in biological samples. |
| Purity assessment | HPLC and mass spectrometry | Reverse-phase HPLC is common for peptide purity. |
| Common synonyms | AOD9604; hGH 176-191 fragment | Naming conventions differ across studies. |
Research on AOD-9604 also examines how the peptide is measured in biological samples. Analytical methods may include liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, immunoassays, or both. Detection can be challenging because the peptide is small and may be present at low concentrations. Published methods vary in sensitivity and specificity, so comparative interpretation requires attention to validation details. The presence of related hGH fragments can complicate identification in some matrices.
AOD-9604 has been investigated mainly in the context of body fat and metabolic endpoints. Some early animal and small human studies reported changes in fat mass or lipid markers, but findings were not uniform. Larger, well-controlled trials that would establish efficacy are lacking in the public literature. As a result, claims about weight loss or metabolic benefit remain investigational rather than established. The distinction between a research finding and a proven clinical outcome is central to discussing this peptide.
A central uncertainty is whether observed metabolic changes translate into meaningful clinical benefits. Study designs vary in dose, duration, and participant characteristics, making comparisons difficult. Independent replication is limited, and the field lacks consensus on optimal endpoints or treatment duration. Ongoing or future studies may clarify mechanism and effect size, but current evidence does not establish a clear therapeutic role. Researchers often call for larger, longer, and better-controlled trials, while questions remain about which patient groups might respond.
Proposed mechanism focuses on lipolysis, the breakdown of stored triglycerides into free fatty acids and glycerol. AOD-9604 is thought to act on adipose tissue without stimulating appetite or affecting blood sugar in the same way as growth hormone. Laboratory studies report increased fat oxidation in some models. The precise receptor interactions and signaling pathways remain incompletely characterized. Researchers have proposed that the peptide may influence fat mobilization through pathways distinct from the full hormone.
Research has examined whether the peptide affects fat mass independently of growth hormone's other actions. Early animal studies suggested reductions in body fat, but species differences and small sample sizes limit interpretation. Human studies have generally been short and have not consistently shown large effects. Some trials measured body composition, lipid profiles, and safety parameters, but the overall picture is one of suggestive yet inconclusive metabolic activity. Findings vary across study populations and protocols.
Early interest in AOD-9604 centered on whether a fragment of human growth hormone could influence fat metabolism without the broader effects of the full hormone. Cell and animal studies reported changes in fat storage and breakdown. Human trials followed, but the results were not strong enough to secure regulatory approval. The compound remains available for laboratory research, and its clinical potential is still described as uncertain. Studies continue to examine its activity and safety profile.
AOD-9604 is a synthetic peptide that corresponds to a short section of human growth hormone. It is commonly identified as hGH fragment 176-191 because its sequence matches residues at the C-terminal end of the hormone. The molecule contains sixteen amino acids and is made by solid-phase peptide synthesis. Researchers study it for metabolic effects rather than for the growth-promoting actions associated with full human growth hormone. Its small size distinguishes it from the complete 191-amino-acid hormone.
Several names appear in scientific and commercial settings. AOD9604 and AOD-9604 are development codes used interchangeably, while hGH fragment 176-191 describes the same region. The peptide includes a disulfide bond between two cysteine residues, which helps shape its three-dimensional structure. Different suppliers may provide acetate or other salt forms, and purity can vary. These differences matter because analytical tests and biological assays can respond to the specific form being studied.
Eisenhower Library US-BAug = Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University, John Work Garrett Library US-BAw = Baltimore, Walters Art Gallery Library US-BAK = Bakersfield, CA, California State College, Bakersfield, Library US-BAR = Baraboo, WI, Circus World Museum Library US-BAT = Baton Rouge, LA, Louisiana State University Library (US-BE, siehe BEm) (US-BE, siehe Beb) US-BEb = Berkeley, CA, University of California, Berkeley, Bancroft Library US-BEm = Berkeley, University of California, Berkeley, Music Library lib.berkeley.edu US-BEt = Berkeley, Graduate Theological Union Library US-BEK = Berea, KY, Berea College, Hutchins Library (US-BER, siehe BERr) (US-BER, siehe BERj) US-BER = Berea, OH, Baldwin-Wallace College, Riemenschneider-Bach Institute, Emilie and Karl Riemenschneider Memorial Bach Library (US-BERa, siehe BER) US-BERj = Berea, Baldwin-Wallace College, Fern Patterson Jones Memorial Music Library (US-BERr, siehe BERj) US-BERr = Berea, Baldwin-Wallace College, Conservatory of Music, Ritter Library US-BES = Bethesda, MD, National Library of Medicine (US-BET, siehe BETu) US-BETbc = Bethlehem, PA, Bach Choir US-BETm = Bethlehem, Archives of the Moravian Church in Bethlehem US-BETu = Bethlehem, Lehigh University, Lucy Packer Linderman Memorial Library US-BG = Bangor, ME, Bangor Public Library US-BGt = Bangor, Bangor Theological Seminary US-BI = Binghamton, NY, State University of New York at Binghampton, William Mitchell Music Collection, Fine Arts Library US-BIRu = Birmingham, AL, Samford University, Davis Library US-BK = Brunswick, ME, Bowdoin College, Department of Music US-BL = Bloomington, IN, Indiana University Library US-BLa = Bloomington, IN, Indiana University, Archives of Traditional Music US-BLl = Bloomington, IN, Indiana University, Lilly Library (US-BLm, siehe BLu) (US-BLr, siehe BLl) US-BLu = Bloomington, IN, Indiana University, William and Gayle Cook Music Library US-BLO = Bloomfield, CT, St. Thomas Seminary Library US-BM = Bryn Mawr, PA, Bryn Mawr College, Canaday Library US-BN = Boone, NC, Appalachian State University, I.G. Greer Hall, Music Library appstate.edu US-BO = Boulder, CO, University of Colorado at Boulder, Music Library US-BOa = Boulder, University of Colorado at Boulder, American Music Research Center US-BOW = Bowling Green, OH, Bowling Green State University, Music Library (US-BR, siehe NYbrp) (US-BR-A, siehe BRA) (US-BRc, siehe NYbrc) (US-BRp, siehe NYbrp) US-BRA = Bryn Athyn, PA, Academy of the New Church Library US-BRKkrasner = Brookline, MA, Louis Krasner, private collection (In: US-CAh) US-BRX = Bronxville, NY, Sarah Lawrence College, Music Library US-BU = Buffalo, NY, Buffalo and Erie Country Public Library US-BUu = Buffalo, State University of New York at Buffalo US-Charding = Chicago, IL, N. H. Harding private collection (In: GB-Ob) US-Chs = Chicago, The Chicago Historical Society Library US-Cjc = Chicago, John Crerar Library US-Clowe = Chicago, Library Edward E. Lowinsky (In: US-Cn) (US-Clowinsky, siehe Clowe) (US-Clw, siehe Clowe) US-Cms = Chicago, Northwestern University Medical School Library US-Cn = Chicago, Newberry Library newberry.org US-Coi = Chicago, University of Chicago, Oriental Institute Library US-Cp = Chicago, Chicago Public Library, Fine Arts Division, Music Section US-Cu = Chicago, University of Chicago, Joseph Regenstein Library, Special Collections lib.uchicago.edu US-Cum = Chicago, University of Chicago, Music Collection US-CA = Cambridge, MA, Harvard University, Harvard College Library lib.harvard.edu US-CAa = Cambridge, Harvard University, Andover-Harvard Theological Library (US-Cac, siehe CA) (US-CAd, siehe CAa) US-CAdriscoll = Cambridge, Driscoll-Collection (In: US-Cn) US-CAe = Cambridge, Harvard University, Eda Kuhn Loeb Music Library US-CAh = Cambridge, Harvard University, Houghton Library (US-CAl, siehe Cae) US-CAmit = Cambridge, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Music Library US-CAp = Cambridge, Cambridge Public Library US-CAt = Cambridge, Harvard University, Theatre Collection US-CAua = Cambridge, Harvard University Archives US-CAw = Cambridge, Harvard University, Widener Memorial Library US-CAward = Cambridge, John Milton Ward, private collection (Dpt. in: US-CAt) US-CAD = Carbondale, IL, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale, Morris Library US-CAM = Camarillo, CA, Laurence Doheny Memorial Library, St. John’s Seminary library.stjohnsem.edu US-CAN = Canandaigua, NY, Ontario County Historical Society US-CAR = Carlisle, PA, Dickinson College, Spahr Library US-CC = Concord, MA, Concord Antiquarian Society (US-CD, siehe CDhs) US-CDhs = Concord, NH, New Hampshire Historical Society Library US-CDs = Concord, NH, New Hampshire State Library US-CF = Cedar Falls, IA, University of Northern Iowa Library US-CG = Coral Gables, FL, University of Miami, Music Library (US-Cgua, siehe Chua) (US-CH, siehe CHua) (US-CH-H, siehe CHH) US-CHj = Charlottesville, VA, Thomas Jefferson Memorial Foundation (Dpt. in: US-CHua) (US-CHm, siehe CHj) (US-CHua, siehe CHum) US-CHua = Charlottesville, VA, University of Virginia, Alderman Library (US-CHum, siehe CHj) US-CHum = Charlottesville, VA, University of Virginia, Music Library US-CHA = Charleston, SC, Charleston Museum US-CHAhs = Charleston, The South Carolina Historical Society US-CHAl = Charleston, Charleston Library Society US-CHH = Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina, Music Library lib.unc.edu US-CHHhaar = Chapel Hill, NC, James Haar, private collection US-CIam = Cincinnati, OH, Cincinnati Art Museum US-CIhc = Cincinnati, Hebrew Union College Library – Jewish Institute of Religion US-CIhp = Cincinnati, Cincinnati Historical Society Library US-CIp = Cincinnati, Public Library (US-CIph, siehe CIhp) US-CIu = Cincinnati, University of Cincinnati College – Conservatory of Music, Music Library US-CIx = Cincinnati, Xavier University US-CLc = Cleveland, OH, Case Institute of Technology US-CLgl = Cleveland, John Carroll University, Grasselli Library US-CLhs = Cleveland, Western Reserve Historical Society US-CLi = Cleveland, Cleveland Institute of Music Library US-CLm = Cleveland, Museum of Art, Ingalls Library US-CLp = Cleveland, Cleveland Public Library, Fine Arts Department US-CLsm = Cleveland, Saint Mary Seminary US-CLwr = Cleveland, Western Reserve University, Freiberger Library and Music House Library US-CLAb = Claremont, CA, Francis Bacon Foundation Library US-CLAc = Claremont, CA, Claremont College Libraries (US-CLB, siehe COS) (US-CN, siehe CHAhs) (US-CO, siehe COhs) (US-COh, siehe COhs) US-COhs = Columbus, OH, Ohio Historical Society Library (US-Cosm, siehe COu) US-COu = Claremont, CA, Ohio State University, Music Library (US-COL, siehe COS) US-COL = Columbia, MO, University of Missouri, Elmer Ellis Library US-COLhs = Columbia, MO, State Historical Society of Missouri, Elmer Ellis Library Building US-COS = Columbia, SC, The University of South Carolina, Music Library sc.edu US-COStcl = Columbia, SC, The University of South Carolina, Thomas Cooper Library sc.edu US-COVwalton = Covington, VA, Harry A. Walton Jr. private collection US-CP = College Park, MD, University of Maryland, Theodore R. McKeldin Library lib.umd.edu US-CPpa = College Park, MD, University of Maryland, The Michelle Smith Performing Arts Library US-CR = Cedar Rapids, IL, Iowa Masonic Library US-CS = Colorado Springs, CO, U. S. Air Force Academy US-CV = Collegeville, MN, Saint John’s University, Hill Museum & Manuscript Library US-CVa = Collegeville, Saint John’s University, Alcuin Library (US-D, siehe Dp) US-Dia = Detroit, MI, The Detroit Institut of Arts US-Dp = Detroit, Detroit Public Library, Music and Performing Arts Department US-Dwu = Detroit, Wayne State University Library US-DAp = Dallas, TX, Dallas Public Library, Fine Arts Division US-DAu = Dallas, Southern Methodist University, Music Library US-DAVu = Davis, CA, University of California, Davis, Peter J. Shields Library US-DB = Dearborn, MI, Henry Ford Museum and Greenfield Village US-DE = Denver, CO, Denver Public Library, Art & Music Division US-DEhs = Denver, State Historical Society of Colorado, Colorado State Museum, Colorado Heritage Center US-DEthomas = Denver, CO, Mario W. Thomas private collection US-DEE = Deerfield, MA, Museum of Pocumtuck Valley Memorial Association historic-deerfield.org US-DEL = Delaware, OH, Ohio Wesleyan University, L. A. Beeghly Library US-DK = DeKalb, IL, Northern Illinois University, Founders Memorial Library, Art/Music Cluster and Audio/Score Library (US-DM, siehe DMu) US-DMkirkendale = Durham, NC, Warren Kirkendale private collection (US-DM(u), siehe DMu) US-DMu = Durham, NC, Duke University Libraries US-DN = Denton, TX, North Texas State University, Music Library US-DO = Dover, DE, Dover Public Library US-DOV = Dover, DE, Delaware State Museum, Eldridge Reeves Johnson Memorial Bldg., Bureau of Museums & Historic Sites, Division of Historical and Cultural Affairs US-DOY = Doylestown, PA, Bucks County Historical Society Library and Mercer Museum (US-DP, siehe IDt) US-DV = Danville, KY, Centre College of Kentucky, Grace Doherty Library US-E = Evanston, IL, Garrett Biblical Institute US-Eg = Evanston, Garrett Theological Seminary Library US-Eu = Evanston, Northwestern University Libraries library.northwestern.edu US-EA = Easton, PA, Lafayette College, David Bishop Skillman Library US-ECstarr = Eastchester, NY, Saul Starr private collection (In: US-BLl) US-EDu = Edwardsville, IL, Southern Illinois University US-ELmsu = East Lansing, MI, Michigan State University Libraries US-EPH = Ephrata, PA, Ephrata Cloister Library US-EU = Eugene, OR, University of Oregon US-EXd = Exeter, NH, Phillips Exeter Academy, Davis Library US-EXp = Exeter, NH, Exeter Public Library (US-F, siehe NYq) (US-FAlewis, siehe FAy) US-FAy = Farmington, CT, Yale University, Lewis Walpole Library library.yale.edu US-FR = Fremont, OH, Rutherford B. Hayes Library and Museum (US-FW, siehe FWu) US-FW = Fort Worth, TX, Southwest Baptist Theological Seminary US-FWu = Fort Worth, TX, Texas Christian University US-G = Gainesville, FL, University of Florida Library, Music Library US-GA = Gambier, OH, Kenyon College Divinity School, Colburn Library (In: US-Rcr) US-GB = Gettysburg, PA, Lutheran Theological Seminary US-GLvauclain = Gladwyne, PA, A. Constant Vauclain private collection US-GO = Goshen, IN, Goshen College, Mennonite Historical Library and Good Library (US-GO, siehe GOL) US-GOL = Goleta, CA, Institute for American Research US-GR = Granville, OH, Denison University Library US-GRB = Greensboro, NC, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Walter C. Jackson Library US-GRE = Greenville, DE, Eleutherian Mills Historical Library US-GRVu = Greenville, SC, Bob Jones University, Mack Library (US-Hcs, siehe Hs) US-Hhc = Hartford, CT, Hartt College of Music Library, The University of Hartford US-Hhs = Hartford, CT, Connecticut Historical Society Library chs.org US-Hm = Hartford, CT, Case Memorial Library, Hartford Seminary Foundation (In: US-ATet) US-Hp = Hartford, CT, Public Library, Art & Music Department US-Hs = Hartford, CT, Connecticut State Library US-Hw = Hartford, CT, Trinity College, Watkinson Library trincoll.edu US-HA = Hanover, NH, Dartmouth College, Baker Library US-HAM = Hamilton, NY, Colgate University Library US-HAT = Hattiesburg, MS, University of Southern Mississippi, Libraries US-HAV = Haverford, PA, Haverford College Library US-HB = Harrisonburg, VA, Eastern Mennonite College, Menno Simons Historical Library and Archives US-HG = Harrisburg, PA, Pennsylvania State Library US-HGhm = Harrisburg, PA, Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, Division of Archives and Manuscripts US-HO = Hopkinton, NH, New Hampshire Antiquarian Society US-HOLc = Hollins College, VA, Fishburn Library US-HONu = Honolulu, HI, University of Hawaii at Manoa, University Libraries US-HOUfinningan = Houston, TX, Annette Finningan private collection US-HOUpl = Houston, TX, Public Library US-HOUr = Houston, TX, Rice University, Fondren Library, Music Library US-HP = Hyde Park, NY, Franklin D. Roosevelt Memorial Library, National Archives and Records Service, General Services Administration US-HU = Huntingdon, PA, Juniata College, L. A. Beechly Library US-HW = Hayward, CA, California State Library library.ca.gov US-I = Ithaca, NY, Cornell University Music Library US-Io = Ithaca, NY, Cornell University, John M. Olin Library US-IDt = Independence, MO, Harry S. Truman Library trumanlibrary.org US-INp = Indianapolis, IN, Indianapolis-Marion County Public Library, Arts Division US-IO = Iowa City, IA, University of Iowa, Music Library US-IObenton = Iowa City, IA, Rita Benton private collection (In: US-IO) US-IOhs = Iowa City, IA, Iowa State Historical Society US-IR = Irvine, CA, University of California, Irvine, General Library US-IVlittle = Ivy, VA, William A. Little private collection US-Jp = Jacksonville, FL, Jacksonville Public Library, Haydon Burns Library, Art and Music Department US-JUh = Juneau, AK, Alaska Historical Library, Alaska Division of State Libraries and Museums library.state.ak.us US-K = Kent, OH, Kent State University, Music Library US-KAuk = Kansas City, KS, University of Kansas, Medical Center US-KAL = Kalamazoo, MI, Western Michigan University, Institute of Cistercian Studies US-KBrobbin = Key Biscaine, FL, Leon Robbin, Private collection US-KC = Kansas City, University of Missouri, Kansas City Conservatory of Music, Library US-KCm = Kansas City, Kansas City Museum, Library and Archives US-KCuk, siehe KAuk US-KN = Knoxville, TN, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Music Library US-Lu = Lawrence, KS, University of Kansas Libraries (US-LA, siehe LAuc) US-LAcs = Los Angeles, CA, California State University, John F. Kennedy Memorial Library US-LAkoole = Los Angeles, Arend Johannes Koole private collection (In: US-PRV) US-LAp = Los Angeles, Los Angeles Public Library, Art and Music Dept US-LApiatigorsky = Los Angeles, Gregor Piatigorsky private collection (In: US-STEdrachman) (US-LAs, siehe LAusc) US-LAs = Los Angeles, The Arnold Schoenberg Institute Archives (US-LAu, siehe LAuc) (US-LAu, siehe LAum) (US-LAu, siehe LAur) US-LAuc = Los Angeles, University of California, Los Angeles, William Andrews Clark Memorial Library calstatela.edu US-LAum = Los Angeles, University of California, Los Angeles, Music Library ucla.edu US-LAur = Los Angeles, University of California, Los Angeles, Special Collections Dept, University Research Library US-LAusc = Los Angeles, University of Southern California, School of Music Library US-LAzeitlin = Los Angeles, Zeitlin and Verbrugg Booksellers private collection US-LAWd’andrea = Lawrenceville, NJ, Michael d’Andrea, private collection US-LB = Lewisburg, PA, Bucknell University, Ellen Clarke Bertrand Library US-LBH = Long Beach, CA, California State University Library csulb.edu US-LChs = Lancaster, PA, Lancaster County Historical Society US-LCm = Lancaster, PA, Lancaster Mennonite Historical Library and Archives US-LCts = Lancaster, PA, Lancaster Theological Seminary of the United Church of Christ Library US-LDjerome = Landsdowne, PA, Davis Jerome private collection US-LE = Lenox, MA, Lenox Library Association US-LEN = Lexington, MA, Public Library US-LEW = Lewiston, ME, Bates College Library US-LEX = Lexington, KY, University of Kentucky, Margaret I. King Library US-LIhs = Lincoln, NB, Nebraska State Historical Society Library and State Archives US-LIu = Lincoln, NB, University of Nebraska–Lincoln Libraries US-LN = Lexington, VA, Washington and Lee University Library (US-LO, siehe LOu) US-LOs = Louisville, KY, Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, James P. Boyce Centennial Library US-LOu = Louisville, KY, University of Louisville, School of Music, Library louisville.edu (US-LONcs, siehe LBH) US-LOW = Lowell, MA, Lowell State College US-LOWu = Lowell, MA, University of Lowell, O’Leary Library US-LT = Latrobe, PA, St. Vincent College Library US-LU = Lincoln University, PA, Lincoln University, Langston Hughes Memorial Library US-LUB = Lubbock, TX, Texas Technological University US-LVdickinson = Livonia, NY, Mrs. June M. Dickinson, private collection US-LY = Lynbrook, NY, New York Bartók Archive US-M = Milwaukee, WI, Milwaukee Public Library, Art & Music Department US-Mc = Milwaukee, WI, Wisconsin Conservatory of Music Library US-Mu = Milwaukee, WI, Marquette University Memorial Library, Special Collections (US-MA, siehe MAhs) US-MAhs = Madison, WI, Wisconsin Historical Society US-MAu = Madison, WI, University of Wisconsin–Madison US-MAL = Malibu, CA, J. Paul Getty Museum US-MB = Middlebury, VT, Middlebury College, Christian A. Johnson Memorial Music Library US-ME = Meadville, PA, Reis Library, Allegheny College US-MED = Medford, MA, Tufts University Library library.tufts.edu US-MEM = Memphis, TN, University of Memphis, Music Library US-MG = Montgomery, AL, Alabama State Department of Archives and History Library US-MH = Manhattan, KS, Kansas State University, Library (US-MHsc, siehe MH) US-MI = Middletown, CT, Wesleyan University, Music Library (US-MO, siehe MOhs) US-MOhs = Montpelier, VT, Vermont Historical Society Library US-MOB = Mobile, AK, Spring Hill College, Thomas Byrne Memorial Library US-MORduncan = Morgantown, WV, Richard E. Duncan private collection (US-MS, siehe MSp) US-MSp = Minneapolis, MN, Minneapolis Public Library US-MSu = Minneapolis, MN, University of Minnesota, Music Library US-MT = Morristown, NJ, National Historical Park Museum US-MU = Muncie, IN, Ball State Teachers College, Bracken Library US-MV = Mount Vernon, VA, Mount Vernon Ladies’ Association of the Union Collection (US-Nc, siehe NYcu) US-Nf = Northampton, MA, Forbes Library forbeslibrary.org (US-N-OR, siehe NORtu) US-Nsc = Northampton, MA, Smith College, Werner Josten Music Library US-NA = Nashville, TN, Fisk University Library US-NAcm = Nashville, TN, Country Music Foundation Library and Media Center US-NAs = Nashville, TN, Tennessee State Library and Archives US-NAu = Nashville, TN, Vanderbilt University Library US-NAZ = Nazareth, PA, Moravian Historical Society, Library and Museum (US-NB, siehe NBu) US-NBs = New Brunswick, NJ, New Brunswick Theological Seminary, Gardner A. Sage Library (US-NBt, siehe NBs) US-Nbu = New Brunswick, NJ, Rutgers – The State University of New Jersey, Blanche and Irving Laurie Music Library, Mabel Smith Douglass Library US-NC = Newton Centre, MA, Andover Newton Theological School, Franklin Trask Library US-NDu = Notre Dame, IN, University of Notre Dame US-NEhs = Newark, NJ, New Jersey Historical Society US-NEij = Newark, NJ, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Rutgers Institute of Jazz Studies Library US-NEm = Newark, NJ, Newark Museum US-NEp = Newark, NJ, Newark Public Library US-NEW = Newark, DE, University of Delaware Library US-NFp = Norfolk, VA, Norfolk Public Library, Feldman Fine Arts and Audio-Visual Department US-NH = New Haven, CT, Yale University, Music Library (US-NHb, siehe NHub) US-NHba = New Haven, CT, Yale University, Yale Center for British Art, Department of Prints, Drawings and Rare Books US-NHch = New Haven, New Haven Colony Historical Society US-NHm = New Haven, Yale Medical School Library US-NHs = New Haven, Yale University, Sterling Memorial Library US-NHub = New Haven, Yale University, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library (US-NL, siehe NO) US-NM = Norman, OK, University of Oklahoma US-NN = North Newton, KS, Mennonite Historical Library, Bethel College (US-NO, siehe NT) US-NO = Normal, IL, Illinois State University, Milner Library, Humanities/Fine Arts Division US-NORhc = New Orleans, LA, Historic New Orleans Collection, The Kemper and Leila Williams Foundation, Archives Division US-NORsm = New Orleans, Louisiana State Museum Library US-NORts = New Orleans, New Orleans Baptist Theological Seminary Library US-NORtu = New Orleans, Tulane University, Howard Tilton Memorial Library US-NP = Newburyport, MA, Newburyport Public Library US-NT = Northfield, MN, Carleton College Library US-NYam = New York, NY, New York Academy of Medicine US-NYamc = New York, American Music Center Library US-NYbm = New York, Broadcast Music, Inc US-NYbrc = New York, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Music Library US-NYbrp = New York, Brooklyn Public Library, Art and Music Division US-NYcc = New York, City College Library, Music Library US-NYccb = New York, Brunswick Collection, City College Library (In: US-NYcc) US-NYcg = New York, City University of New York, Graduate Center US-NYcu = New York, Columbia University, Music Library US-NYcub = New York, Columbia University, Butler Library, Rare Book and Manuscript Library US-NYcue = New York, Columbia University, Center for Studies in Ethnomusicology, Department of Music US-NYes = New York, Engineering Societies Library (US-Nyf, siehe NYfo) US-NYfo = New York, Fordham University Library library.fordham.edu US-NYfrank = New York, Mrs. Claude Frank private collection US-NYfuld = New York, James J. Fuld private collection (In: US-NYpm) (US-NYg, siehe NYgo) US-NYgeist = New York, Mrs. Franklin Geist private collection US-NYgl = New York, Grand Lodge Library and Museum, Free and Accepted Masons US-NYgo = New York, New York University, Gould Memorial Library (In: US-NYu) US-NYgr = New York, The Grolier Club Library US-NYgs = New York, G. Schirmer, Inc. US-NYgt, siehe NYtsm (US-Nyh, siehe NYhs) US-NYhc = New York, Hunter College Library library.wexler.hunter.cuny.edu US-NYhenry = New York, Don Henry private collection US-NYhill = New York, George R. Hill private collection US-NYhinrichsen = New York, Mrs. Walter Hinrichsen private collection US-NYhs = New York, New York Historical Society Library (US-NYhs, siehe NYhsa) US-Pc = Pittsburgh, PA, Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, Music and Art Dept US-Pct = Pittsburgh, Carnegie Mellon University, Hunt Library US-Pd = Pittsburgh, Duquesne University Library US-Pdt = Pittsburgh, Duquesne University Tamburitzans, Institute of Folk Arts, Tamburitzans Cultural Center Library/Museum/Archives US-Pfinney = Pittsburgh, Theodore M. Finney private library (In: US-AUS and US-LAuc) US-Ps = Pittsburgh, Theological Seminary, Clifford E. Barbour Library (US-Pts, siehe Ps) (US-Pu, siehe PRu) US-Pu = Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Music Library US-Puf = Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Foster Hall Collection, Stephen Foster Memorial US-PD = Portland, ME, Maine Historical Society Library (US-PD, siehe PL) (US-PDhs, siehe PD) US-PDp = Portland, ME, Portland Public Library, Art Department US-PE = Pennsburg, PA, Schwenkfelder Historical Society Library (US-Pes, siehe PE) US-PER = Perryville, MO, St. Mary’s Seminary Library US-PF = Pittsfield, MA, Berkshire Athenaeum US-PHa = Philadelphia, PA, The Athenaeum of Philadelphia US-PHai = Philadelphia, Society of Ancient Instruments US-PHalbrecht = Philadelphia, Otto E. Albrecht private collection (In: US-PHu) US-PHbo = Philadelphia, St. Charles Borromeo Theological Seminary Library US-PHbs = Philadelphia, William Bacon Stevens Library of the School of Divinity of the Protestant Episcopal Church (US-PHcb, siehe PHbo) US-PHchs = Philadelphia, American Catholic Historical Society Library US-PHci = Philadelphia, The Curtis Institute of Music Library US-PHcp = Philadelphia, College of Physicians Library US-PHem = Philadelphia, The Eric Mandell Collection of Jewish Music (In: US-PHgc) US-PHf = Philadelphia, Free Library of Philadelphia, Music Department library.phila.gov US-PHff = Philadelphia, Free Library of Philadelphia, Edwin A. Fleisher Collection of Orchestral Music US-PHfi = Philadelphia, The Franklin Institute US-PHg = Philadelphia, German Society of Pennsylvania, The Joseph Horner Memorial Library US-PHgc = Philadelphia, Gratz College US-PHgh = Philadelphia, Germantown Historical Society US-PHgl = Philadelphia, Grand Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons US-PHhs = Philadelphia, Historical Society of Pennsylvania Library (US-PHk, siehe PHkm) US-PHkm = Philadelphia, Lutheran Theological Seminary at Philadelphia, Krauth Memorial Library US-PHlc = Philadelphia, Library Company of Philadelphia US-PHma = Philadelphia, Philadelphia College of the Performing Arts US-PHmf = Philadelphia, Musical Fund Society (Dpt. in: US-PHf) (US-PHp, siehe PHphs) US-PHphs = Philadelphia, The Presbyterian Historical Society Library (In: US-PHlc) US-PHps = Philadelphia, American Philosophical Society Library US-PHr = Philadelphia, The Philip H. and A. S. W. Rosenbach Foundation US-PHrudolf = Philadelphia, Max Rudolf private collection US-PHtr = Philadelphia, Trinity Lutheran Church of Germantown US-PHts = Philadelphia, Westminster Theological Seminary Library US-PHtu = Philadelphia, Temple University Library US-PHu = Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Libraries library.upenn.edu US-PHy = Philadelphia, Yarnall Library of Theology of St. Clement’s Church (In: US-PHu) US-PHzimmerman = Philadelphia, Franklin B. Zimmerman private collection US-PIlevy = Pikesville, MD, Lester S. Levy private collection US-PL = Portland, OR, Library Association of Portland, Music Department (US-PLhs, siehe PD) US-PLY = Plymouth, MA, Pilgrim Society, Pilgrim Hall Library US-PLYa = Plymouth, Plymouth Antiquarian Society US-PO = Poughkeepsie, NY, Vassar College, George Sherman Dickinson Music Library musiclibrary.vassar.edu (US-PR, siehe PRu) (US-PRl, siehe PRlowe) US-PRlowe = Princeton, NJ, Library E. A. Lowe US-PRs = Princeton, NJ, Princeton Theological Seminary, Speer Library US-PRscheide = Princeton, NJ, William H. Scheide private collection (Dpt. in: US-PRu) (US-PRts, siehe PRs) US-PRu = Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Library US-PRw = Princeton, NJ, Westminster Choir College (US-PRO, siehe PROb) (US-PRO, siehe PROu) (US-PRO, siehe PROh) US-PROa = Providence, RI, The Providence Athenaeum US-PROb = Providence, Brown University, John Carter Brown Library (US-PROb, siehe PROu) US-PROh = Providence, Brown University, John Hay Library, the Harris Collection of American Poetry and Plays (US-PROh, siehe PROhs) US-PROhs = Providence, Rhode Island Historical Society Library (US-PROu, siehe PROh) US-PROu = Providence, Brown University Libraries (US-PROu, siehe PROh) (US-PROu, siehe PROb) US-PRV = Provo, UT, Brigham Young University (US-PU, siehe PUm) (US-PU(m), siehe PUm) US-PUm = Purchase, NY, Manhattanville College of the Sared Heart US-PUu = Purchase, NY, State University of New York, College at Purchase, Library US-PULwsu = Pullman, WA, Washington State Libraries, Manuscripts, Archives and Special Collections wsulibs.wsu.edu US-PXp = Phoenix, AZ, Phoenix Public Library, Fine Arts and Recreation Department US-Qressler = Quarryville, PA, Martin Ressler private collection US-R = Rochester, NY, Sibley Music Library, Eastman School of Music, University of Rochester esm.rochester.edu US-Rcr = Rochester, NY, Colgate-Rochester Divinity School US-RI = Richmond, VA, Virginia State Library US-RIhs = Richmond, VA, Virginia Historical Society US-RIvm = Richmond, VA, Valentine Museum US-RIVu = Riverside, CA, University of California, Riverside, The General Library (US-S, siehe Su) US-Soffenbacher = Seattle, WA, Eric Offenbacher private collection (In: US-CAe and US-CAh) US-Sp = Seattle, WA, Seattle Public Library US-Su = Seattle, WA, University of Washington, Music Library lib.washington.edu US-SA = Salem, MA, Peabody and Essex Museums, James Duncan Phillips Library pem.org (US-SAc, siehe SA) (US-SAe, siehe SA) (US-SAmf, siehe WS) US-SAV = Savannah, GA, Georgia Historical Society US-SB = Santa Barbara, CA, University of California at Santa Barbara, Library US-SBk = Santa Barbara, The Karpeles Manuscript Library US-SBm = Santa Barbara, Mission Santa Barbara US-SCAkallir = Scarsdale, NY, Private library of John Kallir US-SDu = San Diego, CA, San Diego State University, Malcolm A. Love Library US-SE = Selinsgrove, PA, Susquehanna University (US-SF, siehe SFp) US-SFhs = San Francisco, CA, California Historical Society Library US-SFp = San Francisco, San Francisco Public Library, Fine Arts Department, Music Division US-SFs = San Francisco, Sutro Library US-SFsc = San Francisco, San Francisco State University, Col. Frank V. de Bellis Collection library.sfsu.edu (US-SH, siehe SHc) US-SHc = South Hadleym, MA, Mt. Holyoke College US-SHE = Sherman, TX, Austin College, Arthur Hopkins Library US-SJb = San José, CA, Ira F. Brilliant Center for Beethoven Studies, San José State University US-SL = St. Louis, MO, St. Louis University, Pius XII Memorial Library (US-SLb, siehe SLbuszin) US-SLbuszin = St. Louis, Private Library of Walter Buszin US-SLc = St. Louis, Concordia Seminary Library US-SLf = St. Louis, Fontbonne College Library (US-SLg, siehe SLug) US-SLhs = St. Louis, Missouri Historical Society US-SLkrohn = St. Louis, Ernst C. Krohn private collection (In: US-SLug) US-SLtichenor = St. Louis, Trebor Tichenor, private collection US-SLu = St. Louis, Olin Library, Washington University US-SLug = St. Louis, Washington University, Gaylord Music Library US-SLC = Salt Lake City, UT, University of Utah Library US-SLClds = Salt Lake City, UT, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, Historical Department, Library-Archives US-SM = San Marino, CA, Henry E. Huntington Library & Art Gallery US-SOU = Southfield, MI, Duns Scotus College Library (US-SP, siehe SPAs) US-SPma = Spokane, WA, Moldenhauer Archives (In: US-Wc) (US-SPmoldenhauer, siehe SPma) US-SPp Spokane, WA, Spokane Public Library (US-SPA, siehe SPAs) US-SPAs = Saint Paul, MN, St. Paul Seminary Library US-SPF = Springfield, MO, Springfield-Greene County Library US-SPGhs = Springfield, IL, Illinois State Historical Library US-SPR = Springfield, OH, Wittenberg University US-SR = San Rafael, CA, American Music Research Center, Dominican College US-SSburchuk = Silver Spring, MD, Mr. and Mrs. David Burchuk private collection (US-ST, siehe STu) (US-STm, siehe STum) (US-STm, siehe STu) US-STu = Stanford, CA, Stanford University, Green Library, Department of Special Collections library.stanford.edu US-STua = Stanford, CA, Stanford Archive of Recorded Sound US-STum = Stanford, CA, Stanford University, Music Library US-STB = Sturbridge, MA, Old Sturbridge Village osv.org US-STEdrachman = Stevenson, MD, Mrs. Jephta Drachman private collection; Mrs. P. C. Drachman private collection US-STO = Stony Brook, NY, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Frank Melville Jr. Memorial Library US-SW = Swarthmore, PA, Swarthmore College Library US-SY = Syracuse, NY, Syracuse University Music Library US-SYa = Syracuse, NY, Syracuse University, Audio Archives and Thomas A. Edison Re-Recording Laboratory US-SYkrasner = Syracuse, NY, Louis Krasner private collection (In: US-CAh and US-SY) US-Tm = Toledo, OH, Toledo Museum of Art Library US-TA = Tallahassee, FL, Florida State University, Robert Manning Strozier Library US-TC = Tucson, AZ, University of Arizona, Music Collection US-TE = Tempe, AZ, Arizona State University Library US-TOhs = Topeka, KS, Kansas State Historical Society Library US-TU = Tulsa, OK, Gilcrease Institute US-U = Urbana, IL, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Music Library US-Ufraenkel = Urbana, IL, Collection Fraenkel (In: US-U) US-Ujenkins = Urbana, IL, Newell Jenkins private collection US-Uplamenac = Urbana, IL, Dragan Plamenac private collection (In: US-NH) (US-Uu, siehe U) US-UN = University, AL, University of Alabama Library US-UP = University Park, PA, The Pennsylvania State University Library US-V = Villanova, PA, Villanova University, Falvey Memorial Library US-VHt = Vineyard Haven, MA, Tisbury Museum US-Wc = Washington, D.C., Library of Congress, Music Division loc.gov US-Wca = Washington, D.C., Washington Cathedral Library US-Wcf = Washington, D.C., Library of Congress, American Folklife Center and the Archive of Folk Culture US-Wcg = Washington, D.C., General Collections, Library of Congress (US-Wcl, siehe Wca) (US-Wcm, siehe Wc) US-Wcm = Washington, D.C., Library of Congress, Motion Picture, Broadcasting and Recorded Sound Division US-Wcr = Washington, D.C., Rare Book Collection, Library of Congress US-Wcro = Washington, D.C., Lessing J. Rosenwald Collection, Library of Congress US-Wcu = Washington, D.C., Catholic University of America, Music Library US-Wdc = Washington, D.C., Dominican House of Studies, Catholic University of America US-Wdo = Washington, D.C., Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection US-Wf = Washington, D.C., Founder’s Library, Howard University howard.edu (US-Wg, siehe Wgu) US-Wgu = Washington, D.C., Georgetown University Libraries US-Whn = Washington, D.C., Holy name college library US-Whu = Washington, D.C., Howard University, College of Fine Arts Library US-Wm = Washington, D.C., National Library of Medicine US-Wp = Washington, D.C., District of Columbia Public Library, Martin Luther King Memorial Library, Music and Recreation Division US-Ws = Washington, D.C., Folger Shakespeare Library (US-W-S, siehe WS) US-Wsc = Washington, D.C., Scottish Rite Masons, Supreme Council, Library US-Wsi = Washington, D.C., Smithsonian Institution, Music Library (US-Wsr, siehe Wsc) US-WA = Watertown, MA, Perkins School for the Blind US-WB = Wilkes-Barre, PA, Wilkes College Library US-WC = Waco, TX, Baylor University, Music Library US-WCH = West Chester, PA, West Chester State College US-WE = Wellesley, MA, Wellesley College Library US-WELhartzler = Wellman, IA, J. D. Hartzler private collection (US-WG, siehe WGw) US-WGc = Williamsburg, VA, College of William & Mary, Earl Gregg Swenn Library US-WGw = Williamsburg, VA, Colonial Williamsburg Research Department, historical collection US-WI = Williamstown, MA, Williams College Library US-WIN = Winterthur, DE, Winterthur Museum US-WL = Wilmington, DE, Historical Society of Delaware US-WM = Waltham, MA, Brandeis University Library, Music Library, Goldfarb Library (US-WN, siehe NC) (US-WO, siehe WOa) US-WOa = Worcester, MA, American Antiquarian Society Library US-WOh = Worcester, MA, Dinand Library, College of the Holy Cross US-WOp = Worcester, MA, The Worcester Public Library US-WP = West Point, NY, United States Military Academy US-WR = Wooster, OH, College of Wooster US-WS = Winston-Salem, NC, Moravian Music-Foundation, Peter Memorial Library US-WSzsr = Winston-Salem, NC, Wake Forest University, Z. Smith Reynolds Library zsr.wfu.edu US-WT = Watertown, NY, Jefferson County Historical Society Library US-WV = Waterville, ME, Colby College Library US-Y = York, PA, Historical Society of York County, Library and Archives (US-Yb, siehe NHub) US-YORhs = York, ME, Old York Historical Society
=== Belarus === BY-MI = Minsk, Biblioteka Belorusskoj Gosudarstvennoj Konservatorii (Bibliothek des Weißrussischen Staatlichen Konservatoriums) BY-MIn = Minsk, Nacional’naja biblioteka Belarusi (Belarussische Nationalbibliothek)
== Literatur == Société Internationale de Musicologie et l'Association Internationale des Bibliothèques Musicales (Hrsg.): Répertoire international des sources musicales, 1999 (Musikhandschriften, gegründet 1952, deutsche Arbeitsstelle für die alten Bundesländer seit 1953 in der Bayerischen Staatsbibliothek).
== Weblinks == Online-Katalog der RISM Bibliothekssigel rism.info (RISM Zentralredaktion) RISM Bibliothekssigel. Gesamtverzeichnis (10/2008) (PDF; 1,9 MB) Silja Geisler-Baum: Seminararbeit (PDF; 395 kB) Abbreviations (General Abbreviations / Bibliographical Abbreviations / Library Sigla) oxfordmusiconline.com
Sources: de.wikipedia.org
No major regulatory agency has approved AOD-9604 as a medicine. It is treated as an experimental peptide in research settings. Some countries restrict its sale or import.
The World Anti-Doping Agency classifies growth hormone fragments, including AOD-9604, as prohibited substances. The classification reflects concern about potential performance-enhancing use. Athletes are subject to testing for such peptides.
Detection typically uses liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry. These methods separate the peptide and identify it by mass. Immunoassays may screen samples but require confirmation by a more specific technique.
No major medicines regulator appears to have approved AOD-9604 for human therapeutic use. It has been studied in clinical trials, but those programs did not result in a marketed drug.